HYE XII Indian Eco Ch 1, 2, 4, 5
1. The norm AICTE stands for: (1)
All India Council for Technology Education
All India Council for Technical Education
All India Commission for Technology Education
All India Commission for Technical Education
Ans: (b) All India Council for Technical Education
2. Name the movement started by the national literacy mission. (1)
Ans: ‘Education for all' is a movement begun by the National Literacy Mission.
3. Which institution guides higher education? (1)
UGC
4. Which Five Year Plan recognised the importance of human capital? (1)
- Tenth
- Seventh
- Nineth
- Sixth
Seventh
5. What does HYVP stand for? (1)
(a) High Yielding Varieties Products
(b) High Yielding Various Programme
(c) High Yielding Varieties Programme
(d) High Yielding Various Products
Answer:
(c) High Yielding Varieties Programme
6. The portion of agricultural produce which is sold in the market by the farmers is known as _____ (1)
Marketed surplus
7. Who presented the first 5-year plan of the country? (1)
Answer:
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first 5 year plan for the country.
8. Define small scale industries. (1)
Answer: Small scale industries are those which have fixed investment in plant and machinery, whether held on ownership basis or lease basis or hire purchase basis not more than ₹. 1 crore.
9. Mention one significance of Suez Canal. (1)
Answer:
The Suez Canal was opened in the year 1869, which drastically reduced the cost of transportation of the goods between Britain and India.
10. What benefit did railways bring to Indians? (1)
Answer:
The notion of railways was raised in the early 1830s. They had initiated the linking of the 3 ports of Madras, Bombay and Kolkata by a railway line. It has certainly helped India in cracking both the cultural and geographical barriers and the people could travel long distances.
- 11. Match the following channels available for marketing with their areas. Options are (1)
- a(i),b(ii),c(iii)
- a(iii),b(ii),c(i)
- a(i),b(iii),c(ii)
- a(ii),b(i),c(iii)
Correct Answer: a(i),b(ii),c(iii)
12. Write short note on NABARD. (2)
13. What is contribution of marine and inland sources to total fish production? (1)
36 64
14. Explain three non-farm areas of employment for rural population. (3)
15. Explain the steps taken by the government in developing rural markets. (4)
16. Give a quantitative appraisal of India’s demographic profile during the colonial period. (4)
The demographic profile of India during the colonial period is as follows:
1. The Birth Rate was high at 48 per thousand and the Death Rate at 40 per thousand, respectively.
2. Infant Mortality Rate was 218 per thousand, which is very high.
3. Life Expectancy rate was 32 years on average.
4. The literacy rate was below 16 per cent, which shows the backwardness of the society.
17. Indicate the volume and direction of trade at the time of independence. (2)
India was a country with ample resources during the colonial period. Various products were produced in India, like sugar, silk, jute, etc. The British government’s restrictive policies on foreign trade and the export of products affected the structure, composition and volume of foreign trade in India. The state of foreign trade during independence was as follows:
1. India became a market for exporting primary products such as sugar, raw silk, indigo, jute, etc. India also started importing finished goods like cotton, silk and woollen clothes along with machinery produced in Britain. Britain served as the major market for imports for India, with food grains being the most imported item.
2. Britain established a monopoly on foreign trade when the Suez Canal was opened in 1869. It helped establish a direct connection between India and Britain. This reduced the time necessary for transportation, and so the result was more exploitation of the Indian market. All of India’s trade was maintained by the British, with more than half being traded to Britain and the remaining to China, Persia and Ceylon.
The portion of the harvest that a farmer can sell in the market in order to earn a profit is known as Marketable Surplus
18. Why was public sector given a leading role in industrial development during the planning period? (3)
Public sector was given a leading role due to following reasons:
1. The development project for a country which had recently gained independence was tough. There was no foreign investment and no fund support, so the government had decided to take the initiative as the projects were high-risk and had a long turnaround time. It was the public sector that had to step in to provide the framework of the future industries.
2. Indian economy was at a very nascent stage, and the level of income was very less for the majority of the people of the nation. As a result of that, the demand was less and for such a market, no one was willing to invest. The public sector was the only option by which the demands could be raised.
19. Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R): (1)
- Assertion (A) – The goal of equitable distribution of land was fully served by the abolition of intermediaries, in post-independence India.
- Reason(R) – Big landlords challenged the land ceiling legislation, delaying the implementation and subsequently escaping from the legislation.
From the given alternatives choose the correct one:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Ans. Option (d)
20. Discuss the educational achievements of India and what are the future prospects in education? (6)
Ans: After the ideas were put into action, efforts were undertaken to promote education. In order to streamline education, the government implemented the Kothari Commission's recommendations under the "National Policy on Education" in 1968. The key recommendations were universal primary education and universal secondary education. Introduction of a new educational pattern, three-language formula, inclusion of regional languages in higher education, advancement of agricultural and industrial education, and adult education. The following points describe the evolution of education in India post-independence:
Expansion of General Education: During the planning period, general education was expanded. Primary education has always been free and mandatory. Since 1995, schools have served a midday meal to reduce dropout rates.
Technical Education Development: Technical education, in addition to general education, plays a significant role in the building of human capital. The government has built several Industrial Training Institutes, Polytechnics, Engineering colleges, Medical and Dental colleges, Management institutes, and so on. Examples include IITs, IIMs, and NITs.
Women's Literacy: In India, women's literacy was extremely poor, and was 52% as per 2011 Census. Men had a literacy rate of 75.8 percent. Women's education was prioritized in the National Policy on Education.
Vocational Education: The National Education Policy of 1986 strives for vocational secondary education. Since 1988, the federal government has provided subsidies to state governments to help them carry out the program.
Adult Education: Simply put, adult education refers to education for illiterate adults between the ages of 15 and 35. The First Five Year Plan established the National Board of Adult Education.
Education for All: The 93rd Amendment makes obligatory education for all. Elementary education is a fundamental entitlement of all children aged 6 to 14 years. It's also completely free, and for the fulfilment of this purpose, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has been launched.
21. There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. (1)
- Assertion (A): India’s Green Revolution is an example of how the productivity of scarce land resources can be increased with improved production technology.
- Reason (R): Because of the Green Revolution, farmers produced far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier, on the same piece of land.
a. A is true but R is false.
b. A is false but R is true.
c. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
d. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
Ans. Option (c)
22. What kind of tariff policy was needed to protect domestic producers from foreign competition, after independence? (1)
a. low import tariffs, reduced import quota
b. low import tariffs, increased import quota
c. high import tariffs, reduced import quota
d. high import tariffs, increased import quota
Ans. Option (c)
23 Name the state where Kudumshree was started. (1)
- Kerala
- Uttar Pradesh
- Assam
- Tamil Nadu
a Kerela
